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Marquess of Queensberry Rules
The Marquess of Queensberry rules is a code of generally accepted rules in the sport of boxing. They were named so because John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry publicly endorsed the code,〔Harris, Brian (2008) ''Intolerance: divided societies on trial'' p.182. Wildy, Simmonds & Hill Publishing, 2008〕 although they were written by a sportsman named John Graham Chambers. The code of rules on which modern boxing is based, the Queensberry rules were the first to mention gloves in boxing.〔Dunning, Eric. (''Sport matters: sociological studies of sport, violence, and civilization'' ), Routledge, 1999.〕 The Queensberry rules are intended for use in both professional and amateur boxing matches, thus separating it from the less popular American Fair Play Rules, which were strictly intended for amateur matches. In popular culture the term is sometimes used to refer to a sense of sportsmanship and fair play.
==History==
The boxing code was written by John Graham Chambers, a Welshman, and drafted in London in 1865, before being published in 1867 as "the Queensberry rules for the sport of boxing".〔("Queensberry Rules" ) at ''The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable''〕 This code of rules superseded the Revised London Prize Ring rules (1853), which had themselves replaced the original London Prize Ring rules (1743) of Jack Broughton. This version persuaded boxers that "you must not fight simply to win; no holds barred is not the way; you must win by the rules".〔17, sect. 5, pt. 1〕
One early prize fighter who fought under Marquess of Queensberry rules was Jem Mace, former English heavyweight champion, who defeated Bill Davis in Virginia City, Nevada under these rules in 1876. In 1889, the Queensberry rules came into use in the United States and Canada.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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